How active pharmaceutical ingredient manufacturers sell their products

The main ways in which manufacturers of active pharmaceutical ingredients sell their products include the following:
Direct sales model: Pharmaceutical companies supply directly to medical institutions or consumers without intermediaries, suitable for large hospitals or special drugs.
Agent model: Promote and sell through regional agents, who are responsible for market development and distribution.
Wholesaler model: Pharmaceutical companies hand over their products to pharmaceutical wholesalers, who then distribute them to hospitals or pharmacies, with possibly multiple levels of hierarchy.
Retail terminal mode: Products directly enter terminals such as pharmacies and chain pharmacies, targeting consumers.
These sales models each have their own advantages and disadvantages, and are suitable for different market environments and product types. For example, the direct sales model can reduce intermediate links and lower costs, but it requires the enterprise to have a strong direct sales team; The agent model can quickly cover the market, but it requires establishing good cooperative relationships with agents; The wholesale model is suitable for large-scale distribution, but it requires managing multiple layers of distribution channels; The retail terminal model can directly reach consumers, but requires a strong terminal network.